Furnace



SPt- 10 1929- G. HFMANN 1,727,598

n l FURNAGE Filed Jan. 19, 1927' 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Sept. 10, 1929.

tlllll'll) STATES GEORGE HorMANN, or Lyons, Immers. y

FURNACE.

Application. med January 19, 1927. sei-iai No. 162,066. 3

My invention relates more particularly, though not exclusively, to oil-ired furnaces and one of my objects, generally stated, is to provide in'iprovements in furnaces to the end that more nearly complete combustion of the fuel, especially in oil-tired furnaces, will be effected in the use of either distillate or gas oil the production of free, unconsumed, carbon and the coating of the heating surfaces of the furnace with soot, which, if present, insulates the heating of the surfaces from the burning fuel with resultant loss in effectiveness of the fuel for the intended purpose, will be practically prevented and loss due to waste of fuel greatly reduced. Another object is to provide for the utilization, to as near the nia i mum extent as possible, of all of the heat units generated by the combustion of the fuel particularly in the heating of water in a boiler-furnace. Another object is to provide for the rapid heating of water in a boiler furnace particularly in a steam-boiler, with the minimum consumption of fuel; and other objects as will be manifest from the following description:

Referring to the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a view in front elevation of a boiler furnace constructed in accordance with my invention', a portion of the front thereof being broken away to disclose interior details. Figure 2 is a view in side elevation of the furnace with a portion of the side thereof broken away. Figure 3 is a view in longitudinal sectional elevation of a flame-deflecting and primary water-heating element of the furnace. Figure 4l is a section. taken at the line P-4 on Fig. 3 and viewed in the direction of the arrows. F igure 5 is a section taken at the line SM5 on F ig. 3 and viewed in the direction of the arrows; and Figure 6, a perspective view of the structure of Figs 3, d and 5.

inasmuch as I have devised my invention for use more especially in a boiler-furnace l have chosen to illustrate it in such a structure, which is shown as a steam-boiler hava combustion chamber represented at and. containing an o pening in the front wall of the furnace, equipped with a door 11, and

an outlet 12 for the products of combustion in the rear wall of thefurnace adjacent the top of the chamber 10. The furnace, which as to its general features of construction is of a common. and well-known type, yis also provided with water-chambers formed in the several latwise-assembled grid-like sections 13, of the furnace the chambers in which open, respectively, into pipes 14 communicating with a header 15 from which the steam-pipe 16eXtends.y Thelower ends of the sections 13 form the upper portion of t-he combustion chamber 10,k the intermediate ones of these sections having leg-portions 13 which form portions of the side-walls of the combustion chamber 10, as shown in Fig. 1, with the waterchambers in these sections extending downwardly close to the bottom surfaces of these legs. The sections 13 are shown as supported on a rectangular base 17 of concrete which forms the lower portions of the surrounding' walls of the combustion chamber 10, the opposite side walls of this chamber from the bottom of the furnace to a point about half-way to the top of this chamber, and preferably throughout the length of the latter, being kof upwardly and youtwardly-curved form),r as

shown at 18, such surfaces being preferably provided by lining the side walls of the base 17 with refractory material 19 as shown.

Located in the combustion chamber 10, in a position to extend into the path of the combustion mixture in; flowing in the combustion chamber, is a combustion mixture defl'ecting and primary water-heating device represented generally at 20, which extends lengthwise of the chamber 10 and at its sides, top and bottom in spaced relation to the opposing surfaces of this chamber, the front-end portion of the device 20 being in line with the inlet 21, throughv which rthe combustion-mixture, ts for example atomized oil, is introduced into the combustion chamber 10, the mixture burning `upon issuing from the inlet and as it moves along the detlector device 20.

The device 20 which, in the particular arrangement shown, is provided as a structure separate from the furnace proper and would be so provided especially when it is desired to equip existing furnaces with the invention, but which in the case of original installations could be built into the furnace kotherwise than as a separate part, is formed of a hollow body 22 of general semi-cylindrical form with its curved surface uppermost, as shown, and arranged in the chainber l() to extend substantially horizontally therein, the body 22 having a depending hollow lin 23, the space in which opens into the space within the body 22 as shown in the drawings, thereby forming a water-chamber 24 in the body 22 extending downwardly into the lin 23 throughout substantially the length of the latter.

The fin 23`which is disposed substantially vertically andvis located mid-way between the opposite sides Vof the body 22, inclines at its bottom edge-portion upwardly and rearwardly, as shown, the forward extremity of the lin, which is in direct alignment with the fuel-inlet 2l, being relatively thin and presenting substantially parallel vertical side surfaces 25.

The side-surfaces of the 12111 from the front end thereof toward its rear end, are Voutwardly curved, as represented at 26, with progressively increasing curvature, to a point at the extreme rear end of the iin 23, where the tin substantially merges into the flat horizontal bottom of the body portion 22, as clearly shown in the drawings. j i v Y Y The water-chamber y24 is yconnected, at

its forward end with a pipe 27, constituting apart of the pip-ing through which the water condensed in the heating pipes of the heating system in connection with which the boiler would be* used, is returned to the boiler, the pipe 27: being shown as connect- `ed at 28 withvpiping 29 which opens into the lower ends of the legs 13a, the piping 29 connecting with a pipe 30 through which A the return-water flows to piping 29. rlhe rear end of the water-chamber 2d commuy nicates, atits upper portion, with one end of z apipe 31 which opens at its other end into ly-curving side-surfaces of the fin, are deflected laterally and outwardly toward opposite sides of the combustion chamber and thereafter toward the median line of the device and to the outlet l2 as represented generally by the arrows in, Figs. l and 2, with the result of causing all of the fuel to be consumed, without release of free, unconsumed, soot-forming carbon. The burning combustion-mixture by reason of the curvature of the sides of the lin, the curved top of the device 20 and the curved side walls Ai9 flows laterally outwardly in impinging against the outwardly curving surfaces of the underside of the device 20, a d thence flows upwardly in a direction from opposite'sides of the device 20 toward the median line of the latter and in sweeping over the top of the device 20 and closely adjacent thereto ignites such of the mixture as in unignited condition flows up and around the device 2O in close proximity thereto, the various curvatures provided to the several surfaces referred to, being preferably such as shown, Vthat no abrupt deflections of the stream of combristicii-mixture occur. such as would have a tendency to materially interfere with natural stream-line flow.

While a furnace structure providing the deflecting surfaces described has advantage in structures iu general wherein complete combustion of fuel is desired, it is of particular importance where the body 20 is provided as a hollow structure, as shown and described, and forms a container for water tobe heated in the furnace. By such an arra nent not only is the heating surface contacted by the water to be heated greatly increased over the surface presented by the combustion chamber' of the ordinary furnace, but by the provision of the hollow body 20, which is substantially submerged in the flame produced by the burning combustion-mixture, the relatively cold water entering the furnace is subjected to a large body of flame of relatively great intensity with the manifest advantage. Furthermore by the arrangement shown the flame is deflected against the lower portions of the water-chambers of the furnace. viz', those in the legs 13a, toy greatly aid in the utilization of the heat of the burning fuel and which differs from the ordinary construction of boiler-furnace wherein the intake is the least heated of any part of the heated-water course and is dependent forfits heating primarily by the heat transmitted to it from the top of the boiler'.

While l have illustrated and described a particular construction embodying my invention, l do not wish to be understood as intending to limit it rthereto as the same may be variously modified and altered without departing from the spirit of my invention, and in this connection, and by way of eX- ainple, the form of the device 2O may be varied, if desired, and may be provided as a structure built into the furnace instead of providing it as a separate part.

lV hat l claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

l. A furnace comprising a combustion Cil chamber, a deflector located in said chamber, and means for supplying a combustion mixture to said chamber and causing it to'flow substantially horizontally therein, the longitudinal axis of said deiiector extending generally in the direction of said flow of the combustion mixture, said detlector havan under surface disposed in the line of said How and so shaped as to cause the mixt-ure engaging said deiiector to be deiiected laterally in opposite directions toward the side walls of said chamber. y

2. A furnace comprising a combustion chamber, a combined water container and combustion-mixture-deflecting member located in said chamber, and means for supplying a combustion mixture to said chamber and causing it to flow substantially horizontally therein, the longitudinal axis of said member extending generally in the direction of said flow of the mixture, said member having an under-surface disposed in the line of said iiow and so shaped as to cause the mixture engaging said member to be deflected laterally in opposite directions toward the side walls of said chamber.

3. A furnace comprising a combustion chamber, a combined water container and combustion-mixture-deflecting member located in said chamber, and means for supplying a combustion mixture to said chamber and causing` it to flow substantially horizontally therein, the longitudinal axis of said member extending generally in the direction of said flow of the; mixture, said member having an under-surface disposed in the line of said iiow and upwardly and outwardly inclined at opposite sides of its axis for deiiecting the mixture laterally outwardly in opposite directions toward the side walls of the chamber.

4. A furnace comprising a vcombustion chamber, a combined water container and combustion-mixture-deflecting member located in said chamber, and means for supplying a combustion mixture to said chamber and causing it to 'flow substantially horizontally therein, the longitudinal axis of said member extending generally in the direction of said flow of the mixture, said member having` an under-surface disposed in the line of said flow and presenting concave surfaces of progressively decreasing curvature from the forward end of said member toward the rear end thereof.

5. A furnace comprising a combustion chamber, a combined water container and combustion-mixture-deflecting member 1ocated in said chamber, and means for supplying` a combustion mixture to said chamber and causing it to iiow substantially horizontally therein, the longitudinal axis of said member extending generally in the direction of said flow of the mixture, said member presenting a substantially verticalfront end of said member toward the opposite end thereof and toward a condition of merger into alignment with each other.

6. A "furnace 'comprising a combustion chamber, a combined water container and combustion-mixture-detlecting member located in said chamber, and means for supplying a combustion mixture to said chamber and causing it to flow substan ially hori- Zontally therein, the longitudinal axis of said member extending generally in the directon of said iiow of the mixture, said member presenting a substantially vertically disposed portion extending lengthwise of said member and disposed in the line of said flow and concave surfaces extending` lengthwise of the detlector at the opposite sides of the plane of said vertically dis-` posed portion and also disposed in the line of said flow and progressively curved from the front end of said member toward its opposite end andoperating to deiiect the mixture laterally outwardly toward oppof` site sides of said chamber. f

7. A furnace comprising' a combustion chamber, a combined water container and combustion-mixture-detlecting member located in said chamber, and means .for supplying a combustion mixture tosaid chamber and causing it to flow substantially horizontally therein, the longitudinal axis of said member extending generally in the direction of said flow of the mixture, said member being formed of a body portion of general semi-cylindrical form with a depending lin portion extending lengthwise of said body portion and disposed in the line of said -flow, the under surface of said member at opposite sides of said iin, and aiso disposed in the line of said iow, presenting concave surfaces of progressively .increasing curvature from the front portion of said member toward the opposite end portion thereof and operating to deliect the mixture laterally outwardly toward opposite sides of said chamber.

8, A furnace comprising a combustion chamber having upwardly and outwardly curved side walls, means for supplying a combustion mixture to said chambery and causing it to How substantially horizontally therein, and means extending into the line of flow of the mixture :tor detlecting the mixture laterally and outwardly toward and against said curved side walls along a substantial length thereof.

9. A furnace comprising ra `combustion chamber having upwardly and outwardly curved side walls, a deflector located in said chamber, and means for supplying a combustion mixture to said chamber and causing it to flow substantially horizontally therein, the lengitudinal axis of said deflector extending generally in thedirection of said flow of the combustion mixture, said detlector having an under sur ace disposed in the line of said flow and so shaped as to cause the mixture engaging said detlector to be deflected laterally in opposite directions ytoward and against saidcurved side walls along a substantial length thereof.

l0. A furnace comprising a combustion chamber having upwardly and outwardly curved side walls, a combined water container and combustion-mixture-deliecting member located in said chamber, and means for supplying a combustion mixture to said chamber and causing it to flow substantially horizontally therein, said member extending o into the line of liow of the mixture and operating to deflect the mixture laterally outwardly toward and against said curved walls along a substantial length thereof.

ll. A furnace comprising a combustion chamber having upwardly and outwardly curved side walls, a. combined water container and combustion-mixture-deflecting member located in said chamber, and means for supplying a combustion mixture to said chamber and causing it to flow substantially horizontally therein, said member extending into the line of iiow oi the mixture with its under surface so shaped as to cause the mixture engaging said member to be defiected laterally outwardly in opposite directions toward and `against said curved walls along a Substantial length thereof.

l2. A boiler furnace comprising a. combustion chamber, a combined water container and combustion-mixture-deflectingv member located in said combustion chamber and communicating with the main water chamber ofthe boiler, and means for supplying ay combustion mixture to said chamber and causing it to flow substantially horizontally therein, the longitudinal axis of said member extending generally in the direction of said flow of the combustion mixture, said member having an under surface disposed in the line of said flow and so shaped as to 'cause the mixture engaging said member to be deliected laterally in opposite directions toward the side walls of said chamber'.

13. A boiler furnace comprising a combustion chamber having upwardly and out wardly curved side walls, va combined water container and combustionanixture-deflecting member located in said chamber and in communication with the main water chamber of the boiler, andmeans for supplying a combustion mixture to said chamber and causing it to iiew substantially horizontally therein,

the longitudinal axis of said member extending generally in the direction of said flow of the combustion mixture said member having an under surface disposed in the line of said flow and so shaped as to cause the mixture engaging said member to be deiiected laterally outwardly in opposite directions toward and against said curved side walls. GEORGE HOFMANN. 

